Recovering your Firefox Bookmark

Windows:
1> Goto : C:/Application Data/Mozilla/Firefox/Profile/../Bookmark backup
       save this profile folder to some other location.
2> After reinstalling Mozilla again copy Bookmark backup to same location
3> Open Mozilla -> Open Bookmarks tab -> click on Organize Bookmark -> goto import and backup tab -> restore ->add file.

Similarily in Ubuntu      

Check the version of shell

1> echo $SHELL   (Since it is an environment variable)
    /bin/bash
2>/bin/bash --version
   this will give the version of shell as output.

SSH

SSH : is know as secure shell used to secure remote login over insecure network.
You can login to other machine, assuming ssh server is running on machine you want to login.
1> install ssh (sudo apt-get install ssh)
2>remote login:
     - Let us say remote system is: bharatj@nsl-32.cse.iitb.ac.in or bharatj@ipaddress
     - Write on terminal as follows:
     - ssh bharatj@nsl-32.cse.iitb.ac.in
     - Ask for password (enter your remote system password)
     - Now you are on remote machine which can be seen as
     - bharatj@nsl-32$ (terminal prompt)
     - Now you can browse through the contents using cd etc commands.

Copying file from remote machine to local machine:
1>Write command on terminal as follows:
     scp bharatj@nsl-32.cse.iitb.ac.in:sourcepath/source-file destination-path
     For ex: source path is /users1/pg09/bharatj/Desktop
                 source file is tracker.c
                 destination path /home/bharatj/Desktop
     So after this tracker.c will be copied on local machine on desktop location.

                     
Copying directory from Remote machine to Local machine:
1> Write on terminal :
      scp -r bharatj@nsl-32.cse.iitb.ac.in: /users1/pg09/bharatj/Desktop/experiment /home/bharatj/Desktop
     This will copy directory experiment from remote machine to local machine on Desktop.

Note: scp -------------- for file transfer
          scp -r -------------for directory

Copying file from Local machine to Remote machine:
1> scp file.pdf bharatj@nsl-32.cse.iitb.ac.in:/users1/pg09/bharatj/Desktop
      This will copy file file.pdf from Local machine to remote machine on Desktop.

Copying directory from Local to Remote Machine:
1>scp -r MTP bharatj@nsl-32.cse.iitb.ac.in:/user1/pg09/bharatj/Desktop
    This will copy directory MTP from local machine to Remote machine Desktop.

To find Ip address and other information of your machine through terminal

1> open terminal
2>ifconfig

youtube downloader in Ubuntu

1> Go to fire fox add ons and install download helper from here here
2> Install it (by double clicking when saved on pc)
3> Go to view tab -> toolbar ->customize. and then select download helper icon and drag on toolbar.
4> Open you tube and scroll down arrow in download helper it will save the file.

For more click on this video

Moving Window buttons to right on Ubuntu

1> press Alt + F2(function key)
2> type gconf-editor and click run
3> click + button in apps option and then navigate to metacity
4>go to button layout and make changes

refer : here  for more information.

wine

wine is basically used to run windows application on linux.
install wine using sudo apt-get install wine

*goto setup and write wine setup.exe

wget

wget : is a non interactive way of downloading software from web. It supports http, ftp, https protocols as well as retrieval from http proxies.
wget is non interactive means it can run in a background without user logged in.
ex: wget <URL>  on terminal. where URL is the URL of the software package from where it can be downloaded.
various options are also present  (see man wget).
for ex :wget http://www.skype.com/intl/en/get-skype/on-your-computer/linux/

Finding the cpu width

1> Install cpuid by:
           sudo apt-get install cpuid
     cpuid command is also useful for finding various entities about processor.
2> write on terminal :
          sudo lshw
in second or 3rd paragraph with heading cpu 1 (gives the description of cpu like processor name intel core2 duo, and from their we can see width of cpu).

PPA /Personal package archieve

Using PPA we can distribute our own software package to other Ubuntu users, similarly like we download software packages from ubuntu resource. It means ubuntu users can install your software package in the same way as they install standard ubuntu software packages and also receive updates when you make updation to your package.

Package published by you will remain in your PPA untill and unless you remove your package.  Size limit for PPA is 2GB.
1> Firstly you should activate whether your PPA is individual or team PPA. For this you have to do some sort of login in your profile page.
2>After this launchpad generate a key, which is used for package.


** How to install software from PPA ?
1> Visit PPA overview launchpad page and look for heading " Adding this ppa to your system" . Make a note about location which looks like ppa: user/ppa-name.
let us say " ppa: gwibber-daily/ppa
write on terminal : sudo add-apt-repository ppa: gwibber-daily/ppa

2> Your system will now fetch the PPA key.
3> sudo apt-get update
Now you are ready to run sudo apt-get install <sp> (from ppa).


NOTE : Package you are installing from PPA is your own trust towards the publisher.

Useful Links :a>https://help.launchpad.net/FrontPage
                      b>https://help.launchpad.net/Packaging/PPA#keys?action=show&redirect=PPAKeys
                      c>https://help.launchpad.net/Packaging/PPA/InstallingSoftware
                      d>https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu#Adding%20Repositories%20in%20Ubuntu

Repository GUI (Synaptic package)

* GUI based repository management is basically done Software Sources.
   System -> Administration -> Software Sources.
Select repository from Third Party Software or Other software tab, you can add or delete any repository (select / un select). After this click reload (so that changes will be made). [Revert is used to undo the changes.]


Ubuntu Software Center is just like Control Panel Add or Remove option.

PDF Annotator

We can use various annotators like:
1> Okular : sudo apt-get install okular
2> Xournal : sudo apt-get install xournal

Record my desktop

*Installation
sudo apt-get install recordmydesktop

*Capturing video : write on terminal
recordmydesktop

* Stop recording:
CLTR + c

Repository

Thousands of software packages are stored in archives which are commonly referred to as repositories. Repositories make it very easy to install software packages provided you have Internet connection. It also provide high level security as each software package in archives are thoroughly tested and built specifically for each version of Ubuntu.
Software repositories are organized into 4 categories according to level of support provided by Ubuntu.
                         + Main : oficially supported software by Ubuntu.
                         + Restricted : software which are not available under completely free license.
                         +Universe : not officially supported software
                         +Multi verse : software which are not free.
Note : After installation two repository component are available viz Main, Restricted.
Repository can be edited(modified) by making some changes in /etc/apt/source.list file.
Managing Repository Through Command Line :

Since we know apt stores a list of repository or software channel in a file.
  For modification in repository we have to make changes in /etc/apt/source.list.

Note : It is a good idea to make a backup of source.list before editing source.list.
          sudo cp /etc/apt/source.list /etc/apt/source.list.backup

Now open source.list for editing -
    gedit /etc/apt/source.list

  Explanation of various contents of source.list :

 deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu  hardy main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy main restricted

1> All lines starting with # or ## are comments.
2>Lines without # are apt repository lines and are read by synaptic, apt-get etc.
       Lines starting with:
        2.1> deb : These repositories contains binary or pre compiled packages which are required by most of the users.
       2.2> deb-src : These repositories contains the source code of packages which are useful for developers.
3> deb/deb-src is then followed by location of package on Internet like http://archieve.ubuntu.com/ubuntu i.e URI(Uniform Resource Identifier).
- In our case it is : ftp://ftp.iitb.ac.in/os/ubuntu/archives/
4> hardy : is the name or version of your distribution.
- For Ubuntu 10.04 it is  : Lucid Lynx
5> Followed by repository component.


Adding Repository : Refer here
If we want to add Multi verse and universe repositories then we have to add lines with multi verse and universe. But remember to add lucid-update. So that we can get updated software pa
ckages list from multi verse and universe repositories. 

sudo apt-get update : For updation of repositories.


NOTE: 1> In some ubuntu versions Launchpad ppa i.e adding repository through commandline works like ubuntu 9.10
ex: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:<repository-name>
           2> Make sure repositories that u r adding should be compatible with your Ubuntu version, otherwise it may cause inconsistency to your system and may be u have to re install Ubuntu.
         3> When u edit source.list then always update repository by sudo apt-get update.
        4> always take backup when editing source.list 

APT Ubuntu

* apt-get is a powerful command line tool used with ubuntu advanced packaging tool(APT) for performing functions like

Packages to be installed after installing fresh Ubuntu

Go to below link:

http://theindexer.wordpress.com/2010/03/21/to-do-list-after-installing-ubuntu-10-04-aka-lucid-lynx/

UNETBOOTIN

UNETBOOTIN is used to make bootable pen drive(USB) for various distributions.
1> Install Unetbootin
        sudo apt-get install unetbootin

2>After installation goto
      Applications ->System Tools ->Unetbootin

3>Then select the distribution and version for already downloaded installation cd (ISO)
4> Check on ISO in disk image option and browse the source file for distribution(i.e iso to be copied on usb)
5> Click OK will extract the ISO image of distribution and copy it on USB
6> After completion, then select Reboot now, and it will reboot the system.
7> Go to BIOS and change boot option.


NOTE : For more information goto :a)http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/linux/create-a-bootable-ubuntu-usb-flash-drive-the-easy-way/
                                              b)http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/